Número #26 del 2020 año, 7-30

Thomas More and the New World DOI: 10.32608/2305-8773-2020-26-1-7-30

Descargar
N. С. Ivanov

The article analyses the views of the outstanding English humanist Thomas More (1478-1535) on the problems of British colonization of the New World. It is based on the famous work of the philosopher «Utopia», published in 1516. Despite the absence of the exact location of the fictional island, its geographical coordinates are indisputable – it was located in the New World. Moreover, many facts from this work indicate More's excellent knowledge of the diaries and memoirs of C. Columbus, A. Vespucci, P. Martyr. The author enters into a dispute with a number of researchers over the issue of the humanist content of «Utopia» and divides the book of the British thinker into two parts conflicting with each other. The first of them contains the criticism of the established order in England and provides a constructive counterweight in the form of the «model society», where there is no private property, dreams of fair state system are realized. The second part is devoted to the relationship of utopians (colonists) with the local population. And here Thomas More acts as an heir to the principles of the Roman Empire («terra nullius», «vacuum domicilium»), and the protagonist of the imperialist expansion, colonial conquests, and the subjugation of the natives.

Palabras claves:
Thomas More, New World, America, colonization, Empire, Utopia.
Bibliografia

Мор Т. Utopia. Золотая книга, столь же полезная, как забавная, о наилучшем устройстве государства и о новом острове Утопии. М.–Л.: Academia, 1935. [Mor T. Utopia. Zolotaya kniga, stol' zhe poleznaya, kak zabavnaya, o nailuchshem ustrojstve gosudarstva i o novom ostrove Utopii. M.–L.: Academia, 1935; More T. Utopia. A truly golden little book, no less beneficial than entertaining, of a republic's best state and of the new island Utopia. Moscow: Academia, 1935]

Паниотова Т. С. Реальное и фантастическое в «Утопии» Т. Мора // Проблемы культурологии, №3, 2016. [Paniotova T. S. Real'noe i fantasticheskoe v «Utopii» T. Mora // Problemy kul'turologii, №3, 2016; Paniotova T. S. The Real and the Fantastic in «Utopia» of Thomas More // Problems of cultural studies, no. 3, 2016.]

Уэллс Г. О сэре Томасе Море / Уэллс Г. Собрание сочинений в 15-ти томах. Т. 14. М.: "Правда", 1964. [Uells G. O sere Tomase More / Uells G. Sobranie sochinenij v 15-ti tomah. T. 14. M.: "Pravda", 1964; Wells H. About Sir Thomas More / Wells H. Collected works in 15 vols. Vol. 14. M.: "Pravda", 1964.]

500 años de Utopía: lecturas de Tomás Moro. / Revista Librosdelacorte, N. 16, 2018.

Ainsa F. La Reconstrucción de la Utopía. México. Correo de la UNESCO. 1999.

Abellan J. L. Historia crítica del pensamiento español. T. 2. 2nd ed. Madrid: Calpe, 1986.

Campion N. Utopianism and Just War: the Invasion of Iraq in 2003 // Revista Librosdelacorte. N. 16, 2018. P. 253–266.

Cave A. Thomas More and the New World / Albion, v.23, N 2, 1991.

Complaynt of Scotlande wyth an Exortatione to the Thre Estaits to be Vigilante in Deffens of Their Public Veil / ed. J. A. H. Murray. London, 1872.

Donner H. W. Introduction to Utopia. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, ltd., 1945.

Elton G.R. The Tudor Constitution: Documents and Commentary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Evans M.J. America: The View from Europe. N.Y.: WAV. Norton, 1976.

Folz R. The Concept of Empire in Western Europe from the Fifth to the Fourteenth Century.L.: Praeger, 1969.

Hoak D. The Iconography of the Crown Imperial // Tudor Political Culture. / Ed. by D. Hoak. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.

Gómez Rivas L.M. La Utopía Americana Del Obispo De Michoacán Don Vasco De Quiroga: Espiritualidad Y Economía En Los Puebloshospital // Revista Librosdelacorte, N. 16, 2018. P. 163–167.

Imaz E. Estudio preliminar a Utopías del Renacimiento. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica. 1941.

Kadir D. Columbus and the Ends of the Earth: Europe's Prophetic Rhetoric as Conquering Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

Knapp J. An Empire Nowhere: England, America, and Literature from Utopia to The Tempest. Berkeley: University of California, 1992.

Marius R. Thomas More: A Biography. Harvard: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Martyr d'Anghera P. De Orbe Novo: The Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera (1530). N.Y.: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1912.

Martir Angleria P. Decadas del Nuevo Mundo. Madrid: Ed. Polifemo, 1989.

Marouby C. Utopian Colonialism / North Dakota Quarterly, v. 56, N..3, 1988.

Martínez Estrada E. El nuevo mundo, la isla de Utopía y la isla de Cuba // Cuadernos Americanos, N. 2, 1963.

Menéndez Pidal R. Idea imperial de Carlos V: La condesa traidora. El romanz del infant Garcia. Adefonsus imperator Toletanus. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1971.

Morgan A.E. Nowhere Was Somewhere. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1946.

Nyers P. The Politics of Enclosure in Thomas More’s Utopia // Problématique, 2000, Vol. 6.

Pagden A. Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.

Ramos P. D. Las Variaciones ideológicas en torno al descubrimiento de América. Valladolid: Casa-Museo de Colón, 1982. P. 9

Sherwin P.F. Some Sources of More’s Utopia // Bulletin of the University of New Mexico, N. 88, September, 1917.

Slavin A.J. The American Principle from More to Locke // First Images of America. / Ed. By F. Chiappelli, et al. Vol. 1. Berkeley, 1976.

Strosetzki C. Utopie de Thomas More: une résponse au débat sur le Nouveau Monde? // Moreana, v. 27, N 101-102, May 1990.

Surtz E.L.  The Praise of Pleasure: Philosophy, Education and Communism in More's Utopia.Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.

Vespucci A. Mundus Novus: Letter to Lorenzo Pietro di Medici. George Tyler Northup, trans. Princeton (New Jersey): Princeton University Press, 1916.

Waldseemüller M. The Cosmographiæ introductio of Martin Waldseemüller in facsimile, followed by the Four voyages of Amerigo Vespucci, with their translation into English. New York: The U.S. Catholic Historical Society. 2011.

Yates F.A. Charles V and the Idea of the Empire // Astraea: The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century.L.: Penguin, 1975.

Zavala S. Sir Thomas More in New Spain: A Utopian Adventure of the Renaissance. L.: Canning House, 1955.

Zavala S. Vasco Quiroga and Thomas More // Essential Articles for the Study of Thomas More. /Ed. By R. S. Sylvester and G. P. Marchadour. Hamden (Conn.), 1977