Anti-imperialism as an unifying principle of the modern Latin American leftists DOI: 10.32608/2305-8773-2020-26-1-249-274
The article is devoted to the analysis of the approaches of modern Latin American leftist forces to the phenomenon of anti-imperialism. The author emphasizes that anti-imperialism is a fundamental political principle that unites all the main left-wing “families” of Latin America and the Caribbean. Special attention is paid to the militant historical traditions of Latin American anti-imperialism, and author shows that historically this antiimperialism was primarily directed against US foreign policy. At the same time, the Latin American leftists’ anti-imperialism is based on the huge rejection of the neocolonial policies of the Western European powers in the Western Hemisphere. The author dwells on the activities of the Sao Paulo Forum, noting that anti-imperialist solidarity remains the basic principle for the activities of this leading international association of Latin America left-wing forces. Moreover, the anti-imperialism of the modern left-wing forces of Latin America is closely related to their commitment to internationalism. The author points out that anti-North American orientation is manifested in the views of the communist and left-wing populist parties, finding concrete expression in the foreign policy of the Latin American "socialist pole" and in the activities of such a subregional organization as ALBA. At the same time, anti-imperialist views are shared by other tendencies of the left movement of Latin America, including the parties of the radical left spectrum and that part of social democracy that is oriented towards the unity of left forces. However, their approaches to modern imperialism are more "pluralistic" and are not limited to exposing US foreign policy. The author also notes that the Latin American leftist forces see an alternative to the neo-imperial order in the systemic democratization of international relations and qualitative disarmament.
Bibliografia
Ватлин А. Ю. Коминтерн: первые десять лет. Исторические очерки. М.: Издательский центр «Россия молодая», 1993. Vatlin. A. U. Komintern: pervye desiat let. Istoricheskie ocherki. M.: Izdatelskiy centr “Rossiia molodaia”, 1993 [Vatlin A. I. Comintern: the first ten years. Historical essays]
Кастро Ф. Агрессивные Штаты Америки. М.: Алгоритм, 2010. Kastro F. Agressivnye Shtaty Ameriki. M.: Algoritm, 2010. [Castro F. Aggressive States of America]
Кривогуз И.М. Рабочий социалистический интернационал (1923-1940). М.: Высшая школа, 1979. Krivogouz I. M. Rabochiy socialisticheskiy internacional (1923-1940). M. : Vyshaia shkola, 1979. [Krivigouz I. M. Worker Socialist International (1923-1940)
Мадуро поблагодарил Россию за поддержку суверенитета Венесуэлы. Maduro poblagodaril Rossiiu za podderjku suvereniteta Venesuely. [Maduro thanks Russia for supporting Venezuelan sovereignty] URL: http://ria.ru/20190923/1558987955.html (Дата обращения: 09. 03. 2020)
Маккензи К. Коминтерн и мировая революция, 1919-1943. М.: Центрполиграф, 2008. Makkenzi K. Komintern I mirovaia revoliuciia, 1919-1923. M.: Centrpoligraf, 2008. [Mccenzi K. Comintern and World Revolution, 1919-1923]
Пятаков А. Модели альтернативной интеграции Латинской Америки в начале XXI в. // Ибероамериканские тетради (Институт международных исследований). М., 2014, вып. 3(5). С. 109-117. Piatakov A. Modeli alternativnoy integracii Latinskoy Ameriki v nachale XXI v. // Iberoamerikanskie tetradi (Institut mejdunarodnyh issledovaniy). M., 2014, vyp. 3(5). P. 109-117. [Latin America’s alternative integration models at the beginning of the XXIst Century]
«США финансируют насилие в Никаагуа», - заявил президент Ортега. SHA finansiruit nasilie v Nikaragua”, - zaiavil president Ortega. [“The US is financing violence in Nicaragua”, - said President Ortega] URL: http://ria.ru/20180731/1525637014.html (Дата обращения: 09. 03. 2020)
Фостер У. З. История трёх Интернационалов. Международное социалистическое и коммунистическое движение с 1848 г. до настоящего времени. М.: Госполитиздат, 1959. Foster U. Z. Istoriia treh Internacionalov. Mejdunarodnoe socialisticheskoe I kommunisticheskoe dvijenie s 1848 g. do nastoiaschego vremeni. M.: Gospoloitizdat, 1959. [Foster U. Z. History of the three Internationals. The international socialist and communist movement from 1848 to the present]
Хейфец Л. С., Хейфец В. Л. Коминтерн и Латинская Америка: люди, структуры, решения. М.: РОССПЭН, 2019. Jeifets L. S., Jeifets V. L. Kominern I Latinsakia Amerika: liudi, struktury, recheniia. M.: ROSSPEN, 2019. [Jeifets L. S., Jeifets V. L. The Comintern and Latin America: People, structures, decisions]
Хейфец В.Л., Хейфец Л.С. На пути к широкому фронту. Коммунисты и формирование всеамериканской антиимпериалистической лиги // Латинская Америка. 2009. №8. С. 43-60. Jeifets V.L., Jeifets L.S. Na puti k shirokomu frontu. Kommunisty i formirovanie vseamerikanskoi antiimperialisticheskoi ligi // Latinskaia Ameriak. 2009. N.8. PP. 43-60 [Jeifets V.L., Jeifets L.S. On the way to the Broad Front. The Communists and Formation of All-American Anti-Imperialist League].
Че Гевара, Уго Чавес, Фидель Кастро. История нас оправдает. Так говорили команданте. М.: ЗАО Издательство Центрполиграф, 2014. Che Gevara, Ugo Chaves, Fidel Kastro. Istoria nas opravdaet. Tak govorili komandante. M.: ZAO Izdatelstvo Centrpoligraf, 2014. [ Che Guevara, Hugo Chavez, Fidel Castro. History will make us sad. So said the comandantes]
Чернов В. Команданте Чавес. Его боялась Америка. М.: Книжный мир, 2014. Chernov V. Comandante Chaves. Ego boialas Amerika. M.: Knijnyi mir, 2014. [Komandante Chavez. America was afraid of him]
Andrade M. “Brazil’s Workers Party praises imperialist officials and Brazilian military involved in Venezuela regime change operation. URL: http://wsws.org/en/articles/2019/02/09/braz-fo9.html (Дата обращения: 30. 05. 2020)
Altamira J. World Panorama // World Revolution = Revolución mundial. Buenos Aires, 2018, №1. P. 17-48.
Award-Winning Filmmakker Oliver Stone Tackles Latin America’s Political Unheaval in “South of the Border”, US Financial Crisis in Sequel to Iconic “Wall Streat”. URL: http://democracynow.org/2010/6/21/academy_award_winning_filmmaker_oliver_stone (Дата обращения: 09. 03. 2020)
Bao Melgar R. El Universo simbólico de una revista cominternista: Diego Rivera y El Libertador. – Convergencia, enero-abril del 2000. N.21. PP. 121-143.
Boothroyd R. ALBA Bloc Moves to halt Imperialism through United Nations. URL: http://venezuella.alysis.com/news/6482 (Дата обращения: 18. 03. 2020)
Broué P. Histoire de l’Internationale communiste 1919-1943. Paris, Fayard, 1997.
Declaración de la Habana XXIV Encuentro del Foro de São Paulo 15 al 17 de Julio 2018. – 7 p. URL : http://forodesaopaulo.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Declaracion-final-XXIV-FSP-Habana.pdf (Дата обращения: 16. 03. 2020)
The Character of war in 21st Century: Are China and Russia a target of a side of the wat? // World Revolution = Revolución Mundial. Buenos-Aires, 2018, №1. P. 49-73.
Chávez Frías H. R. Las Líneas du Chávez. M. : Globus, 2010 = Чавес Фриас У. Р. Строки размышлений Чавеса. М.: Глобус, 2010.
Cuba s’en prend à « l’impérialisme » américain pour les 50 ans de la mort du « Che ». URL : http://lepoint.fr/monde/le-che-guevara-honore-par-cuba-un-demi-siecle-apres-sa-mort-08-10-2017-2162941_24.php (Дата обращения: 26. 05. 2020)
Declaración de principios del Partido Socialiste de Chile. – 3 p. URL : http://portal.pschile.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Declaración-de-Principios.pdf (Дата обращения: 30. 03. 2020)
Declaración final del XII Encuentro del Foro de São Paulo. – 5 p. URL: http://forodesaopaulo.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/12-Declaracion-de-Sao-Paulo-II-2005.pdf (Дата обращения: 15. 03. 2020)
Declaración final encuentro antiimperialista de solidaridad, por la democracia y contra el neoliberalismo. URL: http://pcc.hill.cl/2019/11/07/cuba-declaracion-final-encuentro-antiimperialista-de-solidaridad-por-la-democracia-y-contra-el-neoliberalismo/ (Дата обращения: 24. 03. 2020)
Déclaration communed Parti communiste brésilien et de Esquerda Marxista : Solidarité avec la résistance anti-fasciste. URL : http://lepcf.fr/Declaration-commune-du-Parti (Дата обращения: 24. 03. 2020)
Diaz R. Cuba s’en prend à « l’impérialisme » américain pour les 50 ans de la mort du « Che ». URL : https://lapresse.ca/international/caraibes/201710/08/01-5139322-cuba-sen-prend-a-limperialisme-americain-pour-les-50-ans-de-la-mort-du-che.php (Дата обращения: 21. 03. 2020)
Encontro de Partidos e Organizações de Esquerda de América Latina e Caribe. Declaración de São Paulo. – 3 p. URL : http://forodesaopaulo.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/01-Declaracion-de-Sao-Paulo-19901.pdf (Дата обращения: 15. 03. 2020)
FSP: Anti-imperialismo, solidariedade a Chávez e socialismo. URL: http://forodesaopaulo.org/fsp-anti-imperialismo-solidariedade-a-chavez-e-socialismo/ (Дата обращения: 16. 03. 2020)
Herrera E. L’infamie nicaraguayenne du Forum de São Paulo // Inprecor. Paris, 2018, №655-656. P. 24-26.
Jeifets V., Jeifets. L. The Encounter between the Cuban left and the Russian Revolution: the Communist Party and the Comintern // Historia Crítica. 2017. N. 64. PP. 88-100. (DOI: 10.7440/histcrit64.2017.05)
Jeifets V., Khadorich L., Leksyutina Ya. Russia and Latin America: Renewal versus Continuity // Portuguese Journal of Social Sciences. 2018. 2018. Vol. 17. N.2. PP.213-228. (DOI: 10.1386/pjss.17.2.213_1)
Kerssfeld D. Contra el imperio. Historia de la Liga Antimperialista. México, Siglo XXI. 2012.
Kerssfeld D. Tensiones y conflictos en los orígenes del comunismo latinoamericano: las secciones de la Laga Antiimperialista de las Américas // Estudios Interdisciplinarios de América Latina y Caribe. Tel Aviv, vol 18. 2007, №2. P. 7-29.
Kozloff N. Revolution: South America and the Rise of the New Left. N. York: Palgrave Mcmillan, 2008.
Miyares J. R. 25th Sao Paulo Forum closes in Caracas with a call for the unity of the left. URL: http://radiohc.cu/en/noticas/nacionales/197426-25th-Sao-paulo-forum-closes-in-Caracas-with-a-call-for-the-unity-of-the-left (Дата обращения: 16. 03. 2020)
Nuestra América ante la arremetida del imperialismo y de las oligarquías // Granma, 03. 12. 2019.
Orleano B. Une nostalgie maladive de trincontientale ? – A propos de la gauche latino-américaine et du «campisme ». URL : http://europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?articles0195 (Дата обращения: 28. 05. 2020)
Partido comunista repudia crimen de Trump en Irak. URL: http://pcchile.cl/2020/01/04/partido-comunista-repudia-crimen-de-trump-en-irak/#more-7898 (Дата обращения: 26. 05. 2020)
Partido de la revolución democrática. Declaración de Principios. Ciudad de México, 2015.
Partido Socialista. Programa. URL : http://partidosocialista.org/ar/programa (Дата обращения: 01. 04. 2020)
Pour une alternative au Brésil. Contre les banquiers, l’impérialisme et les corrompus // Inprecor. 2006, №521-522. P. 30-31.