Uruguay during the First World War
In the historiography of the First World War and the participation of Latin American countries in it, Uruguay does not occupy the place compared to Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Nevertheless, the problems analyzed in the article are of great interest: the transitionfrom neutrality to entering into conflict on the side of the Entente; conflicts between "unionophiles", "germanophiles and supportersof neutrality in the two main political parties of the country "Colorado" and "Blanco"; parliamentary debates and diplomatic relationswith the United States and Great Britain; reformist activities of J. Batlle-y-Ordóñez and his supporters, as well as the transitionduring the post-war period to the stage of neocolonialism, the replacement of the British «informal empire» by the Americanhegemony. Considerable attention is paid to the skillful actions of the administration of W. Wilson and the Ambassador toMontevideo, R.E. Jeffrey, who used the rhetoric of pan-Americanism to attract the Uruguayan government to their side in the fightagainst the Triple Alliance, especially Germany. Artificially fueled fears about the "threat" emanating from German settlements onthe Brazilian border played a significant role in this. The author provides data on the considerable growth of the Uruguayan economyduring the war and the post-war period, but concludes that the country's experience (as well as other Latin American satellite states)proved that national industrial development could be effective only in the conditions of weakening or termination of ties with the metropolises. When the United States and Britain recovered from the post-war crisis and restored trade and investment flows, theycame close to restoring their positions in Uruguay, dragging the satellite country into the global system, and strangling localindependent industry. The result was the process of «the development of underdevelopment», which led in the 1930s to an acuteeconomic crisis, the fall of democracy, a coup d'etat and the establishment of the dictatorship of G. Terra.
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